For example, since the 1970s, the United States and other developed countries have started to apply mathematical models to simulate the processes of urban rainfall-runoff. To deal with this issue, computer-aided models are extremely useful for simulating and predicting the quantity and quality of urban stormwater. In recent years, the management of the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff from urban areas has become a complex task and an increasingly important environmental issue for urban communities. Therefore, urban stormwater can lead to both qualitative and quantitative problems in the receiving waters. This is particularly true in many cities in China, which is one of the most expedite economic and industrialized countries in the world. Health-related conditions for both human beings and aquatic organisms can be greatly affected by this type of pollution due to stormwater and the associated urban non-point sources.

This pollution process is very complex because it involves diverse pollutants that originate from various non-point sources in an urban environment, such as suspended solids, organic materials, nutrients, heavy metals, and pesticide residue. This process has been recognized as urban non-point source pollution and has become a great threat to the urban water environment. Since a large quantity of urban dust is transported into water bodies by rainfall-runoff processes, this might cause serious deterioration of urban water quality. Particularly, this problem is exacerbated by increases in urban dust levels due to a sharp growth of the urban population and industrial activities in developing countries such as China. An increase in imperviousness results in marked changes in water circulation patterns and may result in higher risks of flood disaster in urban areas. Over the past decades, high-speed urbanization has led to increasing imperviousness in urban-underlying surface in many parts of the world. Finally, applicable control measures for non-point source pollution especially for Baoding were suggested, including urban rainwater and flood resources utilization and Best Management Practices (BMPs) for urban non-point source pollution control. The results showed that the pollutant loads for Pb, Zn, TN (Total Nitrogen), and TP (Total Phosphorus) accounted for about 30% of the total amount of pollutant load. In order to analyze the effects of non-point source pollution on Baiyangdian Lake, the characteristics and development trends of water pollution were determined using a one-dimensional water quality model for Baoding City. The data was calibrated using data from two observed rainfall events (25.6 and 25.4 mm, the total rainfall on 31 July 2008 (07312008) was 25.6 mm, the total rainfall amount on 21 August 2008 (08212008) was 25.4 mm) and validated using data from an observed rainfall event (92.6 mm, the total rainfall on 08102008 was 92.6 mm) (Our monitoring data is limited by the lack of long-term monitoring, but it can meet the requests of model calibration and validation basically). A simulation model for non-point source pollution was developed based on the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), and, the process of non-point source pollution was simulated for Baoding City.

This study investigated and analyzed the characteristics of non-point source pollution in Baoding City. Due to the high density of buildings and low quality of the drainage pipe network in the city, urban non-point source pollution has become a serious problem encountered worldwide.

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